Development of analysis methodology for particle emissions from hydrogen internal combustion engine

IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) est un acteur majeur de la recherche et de la formation dans les domaines de l’énergie, du transport et de l’environnement. De la recherche à l’industrie, l’innovation technologique est au cœur de son action, articulée autour de quatre priorités stratégiques : Mobilité Durable, Energies Nouvelles, Climat / Environnement / Economie circulaire et Hydrocarbures Responsables.

Dans le cadre de la mission d’intérêt général confiée par les pouvoirs publics, IFPEN concentre ses efforts sur :

• l’apport de solutions aux défis sociétaux de l’énergie et du climat, en favorisant la transition vers une mobilité durable et l’émergence d’un mix énergétique plus diversifié ;
• la création de richesse et d’emplois, en soutenant l’activité économique française et européenne et la compétitivité des filières industrielles associées.

Development of analysis methodology for particle emissions from hydrogen internal combustion engine

Internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen (H2-ICE) is a possible solution for decarbonizing ground transport. Compared to a fuel cell, H2-ICE benefits of the advantages of fossil fuel ICE such as technological maturity, existing manufacture chains and durability. It results a possible fast development at moderated cost accentuated by the need of low noble metals and low purity hydrogen.

However, H2-ICE emits nanometer size particles (10-100 nm) from lubricant with high particle number using direct injection. It is important at this stage to confirm and complete the measurements of the particles in size range of 10-100 nm generated by entrainment, evaporation and partial combustion of lubricant in combustion chamber in order to ensure that engine developments will comply with future air quality standards.

This study deals with the development of a new methodology to measure and analyze particles emitted at the exhaust of H2-ICE. It aims to assess various measurements of the emitted particle and to propose an approach of representative and repeatable measurements especially in the nanometric size range in order to predict later the ways to avoid particle emissions at the exhaust.

The work will consist to:

• Learn how particles are measured at the test bench (particle size spectrometer, particle counting system, chemical and morphological analysis of particle collected on filters), based on internal studies performed at IFPEN and on a literature review;
• Study particle measurements performed on engine test bench with direct or indirect injection on relevant parametric variations (fuel air equivalent ratio, load) available at the start of internship in order to identify the nature, size and representativeness of particles, in close interaction with experts from the powertrain technology department;
• Propose other particle measurements techniques, then relevant routes to improve measurements deduced from the first sets of results for instance by setting the sampling location, diluting or heating in order to evaluate in a repeatable way the representative particle properties;
• Follow the experimental modifications validated in close interaction with experts then contribute to new measurements at the engine test bench;
• Study new data to validate the new approach of measurement and analysis or to propose new routes for improving the methodology.

Requested profile and skills:

The student should be in training period for master’s degree (M2) or equivalent level of study and should have basic knowledge on chemical process and physical and chemical analysis.

• The knowledge of internal combustion engine is a plus but not essential.
• The student must be motivated to work in a research environment on the future mobility and air quality.
• Finally, the student must have the ability to work in a team and communicate about his work. 

Duration and dates: 6 months between February and July 2023
Practical information: The internship will take place at IFP Energies nouvelles in Solaize (south of Lyon). The intern will be granted with a financial compensation (unless granted otherwise).

Interested? Send a letter of motivation and a CV !

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